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[Not Available].

M Spivak1

  • 1Service Historique de l'Arme de Terre.

The International Journal of the History of Sport
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical education

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Area of Science:

  • The historical evolution of physical education and sports as a societal concept.
  • The integration of physical exercise into educational systems and its societal drivers.

Context:

  • Nineteenth-century French education emphasized strict, military-style discipline, contrasting with middle-class preferences.
  • Societal shifts, including military defeats and concerns about 'degeneration,' influenced the adoption of physical exercise in education.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the historical advocacy and societal integration of physical education and sports.
  • To examine the scientific and social arguments used to promote physical exercise in French education.

Summary:

  • Physical education's integration into French schools in 1869, driven by social and pseudo-scientific beliefs, marked a significant societal shift.
  • Despite evolving methods, the core principle of physical exercise faced challenges due to social factors and its perceived hedonistic nature.

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Impact:

  • The study highlights the persistent influence of certain ideas in physical education, regardless of scientific advancements.
  • It questions the efficacy of large-scale implementation of physical education without considering broader social determinants.