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[The active efflux pump in antimicrobial resistance].

G Piédrola Angulo

    Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Medicina
    |October 20, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary

    Active efflux pumps rapidly expel antibiotics, causing bacterial resistance. This review details four main efflux systems (MFS, RND, Smr, ABC), their genetic regulation, and clinical significance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Pharmacology

    Context:

    • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat.
    • Active efflux is a primary bacterial defense mechanism against antibiotics.
    • Understanding efflux pumps is crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance.

    Purpose:

    • To review the four main bacterial active efflux systems: Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS), Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND), Small multidrug resistance (Smr), and ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC).
    • To detail the transporting proteins, bacterial hosts, and affected antibiotic phenotypes associated with each system.
    • To explore the genetic regulation of efflux pumps, including genes, regulators, and localization (chromosomal or plasmidic).

    Summary:

    • Active efflux facilitates the rapid removal of antibiotics from bacterial cells, preventing drug-target interaction and conferring resistance.
    • The review comprehensively covers MFS, RND, Smr, and ABC efflux systems, linking them to specific bacteria and antibiotic resistance profiles.
    • Complex regulatory networks governing efflux pump expression are examined, highlighting their role in multi-drug resistance.

    Impact:

    • Provides a consolidated resource on bacterial active efflux mechanisms for researchers and clinicians.
    • Highlights the significance of efflux pumps in clinical antibiotic resistance, particularly in hospital settings.
    • Discusses the role of surveillance systems like EARSS in monitoring and evaluating antimicrobial resistance trends.

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