Neurological complications of measles

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Measles remains a significant public health concern, particularly during outbreaks.
• Neurological complications can arise from measles infection, impacting patient outcomes.
• Understanding these complications is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the clinical characteristics and disease progression of neurological complications following measles.
• To analyze the diagnostic findings and treatment responses in affected patients.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study was conducted on 10 patients admitted with measles-related neurological complications.
• Clinical features and neurological investigations, including CSF analysis and EEG, were assessed.
• Patient outcomes were monitored during a follow-up period.

Main Results:

• Seven patients presented with measles encephalitis and three with myelitis.
• Complications typically manifested 5-14 days post-rash onset.
• Encephalitis cases showed altered consciousness, seizures, and required ventilation in some; CT and CSF findings were often non-specific.
• Myelitis patients experienced symmetrical paraparesis and showed complete recovery.
• One encephalitis patient died from complications of assisted ventilation; others had residual deficits.

Conclusions:

• Measles encephalitis is a severe, potentially fatal complication requiring intensive care.
• Measles myelitis, while serious, demonstrated a favorable prognosis with complete recovery.
• Early recognition and management are vital for improving outcomes in measles-related neurological conditions.