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Serologic studies in coccidioidomycosis.

D Pappagianis1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8645, USA.

Seminars in Respiratory Infections
|December 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Serologic tests aid in managing coccidioidomycosis. Detecting coccidioidal IgM and IgG antibodies in serum and bodily fluids helps diagnose and predict outcomes, with antigen detection needed for some patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis diagnosis relies on identifying host responses to Coccidioides immitis.
  • Serologic tests are crucial for managing patients with suspected or confirmed coccidioidomycosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of serologic tests in diagnosing and managing coccidioidomycosis.
  • To highlight the roles of IgM and IgG antibodies in different disease stages.
  • To emphasize the need for antigen detection in certain patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of qualitative serologic tests: immunodiffusion, enzyme immunoassay, latex particle agglutination.
  • Discussion of antibody detection in serum and extrapulmonary fluids (cerebrospinal, synovial, peritoneal, pleural).
  • Consideration of coccidioidin from Coccidioides immitis as a preferred antigen.

Main Results:

  • Qualitative tests detect coccidioidal IgM (early disease) and complement-fixing IgG (later, persistent response).
  • Quantitation of coccidioidal IgG titers aids in prognosis and diagnosis.
  • Extrapulmonary fluids can be tested for antibodies if serum is positive.

Conclusions:

  • Serologic testing is vital for coccidioidomycosis management.
  • IgM and IgG antibody profiles inform diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Development of coccidioidal antigen detection methods is necessary for immunocompromised patients with limited antibody response.

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