Nongenetic screening of ovarian malignancies

Ovarian cancer is the leading pelvic reproductive organ cancer health hazard for American women. Seventy percent of women are not diagnosed until the disease is in an advanced stage because of a lack of early warning signals and effective early detection techniques. Understanding the risk factors for sporadic ovarian cancer and the recently recognized inherited susceptibility for ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations may allow physicians to identify women who might benefit from prophylactic oophorectomy. Current early detection techniques, including serum CA-125 levels and endovaginal ultrasound studies, are of limited value. Strategies to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in women with increased risk include the use of oral contraceptives and tubal ligations in addition to prophylactic oophorectomy.