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Molecular iodine clock.

J Ye1, L S Ma, J L Hall

  • 1JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 22, 2002
PubMed
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This study presents a simple optical clock using iodine molecules, achieving superior frequency stability. This iodine optical clock, linked to a femtosecond laser optical comb, generates a stable radio frequency (rf) clock signal.

Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Metrology and Measurement Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Radio frequency (rf) clocks are limited in stability and precision.
  • Optical clocks offer significantly improved performance but often require complex setups.
  • Iodine molecules provide a stable optical transition suitable for clock applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a simple and stable optical clock based on iodine molecular transitions.
  • To utilize a femtosecond laser-based optical comb for phase-coherent linking between optical and microwave frequencies.
  • To derive a stable rf clock signal from the optical clock.

Main Methods:

  • An optical clock was constructed using an optical transition of iodine molecules.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A femtosecond-laser-based optical comb was employed to link optical and microwave spectra.
  • The frequency stability of a continuous-wave (cw) laser locked to the iodine transition was measured.
  • The stability was transferred to the optical comb components across an octave bandwidth.

    • Main Results:

    • The optical clock demonstrated frequency stability superior to most rf sources.
    • A frequency stability of 5x10⁻¹⁴ at 1 second was achieved for the cw laser locked on the iodine transition.
    • Stability was transferred to all comb components from 532 to 1064 nm with a precision of 3.5x10⁻¹⁵.
    • The optical clock exhibited instability below 3x10⁻¹³ at 1 second, limited by microwave sources, and 4.6x10⁻¹³ over one year.

    Conclusions:

    • A simple optical clock using iodine molecules offers high frequency stability.
    • The use of an optical comb enables the derivation of a stable rf clock signal.
    • This iodine optical clock technology shows potential for advanced metrology and timing applications.