[Smoking and ovarian fertility]

Smoking reduce the natural fertility and the delay to conceive increase with the number of cigarettes. In In Vitro Fertilization, the pregnancy rates per cycle are reduced with smokers compared with no smokers (OR: 0.66). The menopause arrive on average 2 years before with the smokers and the damages of ovarian reserve increase with smoking. The deleterious effects on ovary arrive, early in utero with regard to maternal smoking, and after the puberty, on the pre-ovulatory period where toxic, vascular and mutagen effects induce inhibition of ovocyte apoptosis, promoting ovocyte aneuploidy and subsequently miscarriage. The protection of ovarian fertility is one argument more to stop early smoking.