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Microstructures of brazings and welds using grade 2 commercially pure titanium
H W Wiskott1, M T Doumas, S S Scherrer
1Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Anselm@Wiskott.com
The International Journal of Prosthodontics
|February 15, 2002
Summary
Microstructural analysis of commercially pure titanium (CpTi) joints revealed varied heat-affected zones and grain structures depending on the joining method. Acicular microstructures offered high tensile strength but low fatigue resistance.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Metallurgy
- Titanium Alloys
Background:
- Microstructural characterization of commercially pure titanium (CpTi) joints is limited.
- Understanding the impact of different joining techniques on CpTi microstructure is crucial for material selection and application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the micrographs, fractographs, elemental characteristics, and hardness profiles of brazed and welded CpTi joints.
- To compare the microstructural outcomes of laser welding, electric-arc welding, electron-beam welding, and gold- and Ti-filler brazing.
Main Methods:
- CpTi rods were joined using laser welding, electric-arc welding, electron-beam welding, and brazing.
- Specimens underwent tensile and fatigue testing.
- Microstructural analysis included optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM-energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and microhardness testing.
Main Results:
- Laser welding minimally affected the parent metal's structure.
- Electric-arc welding, electron-beam welding, and brazing created heat-affected zones with varying grain sizes and structures.
- Electric-arc welding produced lamellar/acicular structures, while electron-beam welding and brazing led to enlarged and altered grain shapes.
Conclusions:
- Hardness and structural continuity were poor indicators of mechanical resistance in CpTi joints.
- Acicular microstructures exhibited high tensile strength but significantly lower fatigue strength compared to other joint types.