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Stringent neutron-star limits on large extra dimensions.

Steen Hannestad1, Georg G Raffelt

  • 1NORDITA, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Physical Review Letters
|February 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Supernovae produce Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons, which form halos around neutron stars. These gravitons decay, and EGRET gamma-ray limits constrain theories with large extra dimensions.

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Supernovae (SNe) are significant sources of Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons in theories with large extra dimensions.
  • KK gravitons are massive particles produced with velocities around 0.5c, leading to their retention within supernova cores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To constrain the compactification scale (M) in theories with extra spatial dimensions using astrophysical observations.
  • To investigate the implications of KK graviton production and decay in supernova remnants and neutron stars.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing EGRET gamma-ray flux limits from nearby neutron stars (E(gamma) ~ 100 MeV).
  • Analyzing the decay products of KK gravitons (neutrinos, electron-positron pairs, gamma-rays).
  • Applying constraints from neutron star heating due to KK graviton decays.

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Main Results:

  • Constraining the compactification scale for n=2 extra dimensions to M >= 500 TeV.
  • Constraining the compactification scale for n=3 extra dimensions to M >= 30 TeV.
  • Further constraints from neutron star heating imply M >= 1700 TeV (n=2) and M >= 60 TeV (n=3).

Conclusions:

  • Astrophysical observations of supernovae and neutron stars provide stringent constraints on theories with large extra dimensions.
  • The decay of KK gravitons offers a potential observational signature detectable through gamma-ray astronomy.
  • These findings highlight the interplay between particle physics theories and observational cosmology.