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Trigger points: diagnosis and management
David J Alvarez1, Pamela G Rockwell
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA. dalvarez@umich.edu
American Family Physician
|March 2, 2002
Summary
Trigger points are sensitive spots in muscles causing pain and stiffness. Trigger point injections offer effective relief for these common musculoskeletal issues.
Area of Science:
- Musculoskeletal medicine
- Pain management
- Physical therapy
Background:
- Trigger points are hyperirritable spots in skeletal muscle bands.
- They cause local and referred pain, often linked to chronic musculoskeletal disorders.
- Muscle fiber stress from trauma or overuse can lead to trigger point formation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the nature of trigger points.
- To discuss their clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings.
- To evaluate treatment modalities for trigger point inactivation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of trigger point research.
- Description of diagnostic palpation techniques.
- Overview of treatment options including Spray and Stretch, ultrasonography, manual therapy, and injections.
Main Results:
- Trigger points present as palpable nodules eliciting pain and local twitch responses upon palpation.
- Common symptoms include regional pain, decreased range of motion, tension headaches, and low back pain.
- Trigger point injection is highlighted as a highly effective treatment.
Conclusions:
- Trigger points are a significant factor in musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction.
- Accurate diagnosis relies on characteristic physical findings.
- Trigger point injection provides rapid symptom relief and is a leading treatment modality.