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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Type 2 Diabetes: Outpatient Insulin Management.

Sarah Tucker Marrison1, Scott Bragg2, Emmeline Tran3

  • 1Department of Family Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

American Family Physician
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin therapy is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes, especially for patients with severe hyperglycemia. Family physicians can optimize insulin use through strategic initiation, titration, and adherence support for better patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Family Medicine
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes affects over 29 million US adults, with 15% requiring insulin therapy.
  • Severe hyperglycemia, symptomatic hyperglycemia, or catabolism warrant insulin consideration.
  • Optimizing outpatient insulin management is essential for effective type 2 diabetes care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline strategies for initiating, titrating, and ensuring adherence to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes patients within an outpatient setting.
  • To guide family physicians in the effective use of insulin for type 2 diabetes management.
  • To address challenges and provide recommendations for insulin treatment optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current guidelines and evidence for insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
  • Discussion of preferred insulin regimens, including basal, prandial, and premixed insulin.
  • Consideration of insulin titration frequency, use of long-acting insulin analogues, and continuous glucose monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Basal insulin with stepwise intensification is the preferred starting regimen.
  • Insulin regimens can be titrated every 2-3 days to achieve blood glucose targets.
  • Long-acting insulin analogues offer benefits over intermediate-acting insulin regarding duration and hypoglycemia risk.

Conclusions:

  • Effective outpatient insulin management requires strategic initiation, titration, and adherence support.
  • Individualized glycemic targets considering patient factors are crucial.
  • Weight gain, hypoglycemia, and regimen complexity are key challenges requiring careful management.