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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Equilibrium and Balance

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting
05:33

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting

Published on: August 4, 2023

Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy.

Brandon Williamson1, Katie Jo Light2, Hector Chapa3

  • 1Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine at the Texas A&M University Naresh K. Vashisht College of Medicine, Bryan.

American Family Physician
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) are common, with severity assessed by the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) score. Treatment ranges from behavioral changes and vitamin B6 for mild cases to hospitalization and advanced therapies for severe NVP.

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Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting
05:33

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting

Published on: August 4, 2023

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) are highly prevalent.
  • Severity assessment is crucial for appropriate management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management strategies for NVP.
  • To provide a tiered approach to treatment based on symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) score for severity assessment.
  • Reviewing treatment options from behavioral modifications to pharmacologic interventions.
  • Considering advanced treatments for refractory cases.

Main Results:

  • Mild NVP managed with behavioral changes and dietary modifications.
  • Vitamin B6 +/- doxylamine as first-line pharmacologic treatment for mild-moderate NVP.
  • Second-line options include antihistamines, dopamine antagonists, metoclopramide, and ondansetron for persistent symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • A stepwise approach to NVP management is effective.
  • Severe or refractory NVP may require hospitalization, IV fluids, and potentially corticosteroids or nutritional support.