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Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Characterization of Glycoproteins with the Immunoglobulin Fold by X-Ray Crystallography and Biophysical Techniques
Published on: July 5, 2018
Catalytic antibodies: structure and function
1The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. paulw@scripps.edu
Abstract:
More than 10 years have now elapsed since the first reports confirmed that antibodies could be programmed as catalysts for chemical processes. Much of the initial research focussed on exploring the scope and utility of these new biocatalysts. Recently however, increasing information gleaned from X-ray analyses is allowing an exciting insight into the structural basis of antibody catalyzed reactions. This review details the evolving knowledge of the structure-function relationship for catalytic antibodies that accelerate a range of different reaction classes.
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Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Catalysis
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure and Classes
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Antibody Actions
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Catalysis

