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Risk factors for trachoma in Mali.

J-F Schémann1, D Sacko, D Malvy

  • 1Institute of African Tropical Ophthalmology, BP 248, Bamako, Mali. jf.schemann@wanados.fr

International Journal of Epidemiology
|March 27, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Facial cleanliness and fly control are key to reducing trachoma prevalence in Mali. Improving hygiene and environmental conditions can significantly impact disease rates, especially in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Trachoma remains a significant cause of preventable blindness globally.
  • Mali aimed to eliminate blinding trachoma, necessitating a national prevalence survey.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for targeted intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in Mali.
  • To identify risk factors associated with trachoma infection in children.
  • To inform a national campaign for trachoma elimination.

Main Methods:

  • A national survey was conducted from March 1996 to June 1997, covering Mali's seven regions.
  • 15,187 children under 10 years were examined using the WHO simplified clinical coding system.

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  • Data on environmental factors, socioeconomic status, and hygiene practices were collected.

    • Main Results:

    • Active trachoma prevalence was 34.9%, with intense trachoma at 4.2%.
    • Key risk factors included poor facial cleanliness (OR=3.67), presence of flies (OR=3.62), and distance to water sources.
    • Higher wealth, proximity to medical centers, and women's associations were associated with lower prevalence.

    Conclusions:

    • Facial cleanliness and fly presence were the strongest predictors of trachoma.
    • Hygiene education and environmental improvements, including fly control, are recommended for trachoma reduction.
    • Socioeconomic factors significantly influence disease prevalence, highlighting the need for integrated interventions.