Transforming growth factor-beta 1, 2, and 3 can inhibit epithelial tissue outgrowth on smooth and microgrooved...

In this study, we describe the influence of parallel surface microgrooves, and of TGF-beta, on the outgrowth of corneal epithelial tissue. Microgrooves (depth 1 microm, width 1-10 microm) were made in polystyrene culturing surfaces. These surfaces were left untreated, or loaded with TGF-beta 1, 2, or 3 (6.0 ng/cm(2)). Subsequently, epithelial explants from bovine corneas were placed on the experimental surfaces. After 9 days of culturing, tissue outgrowth was evaluated. Furthermore, the tissue cultures were analyzed histologically. It was shown that epithelial tissue grew from the explants over all experimental surfaces. On microgrooved surfaces outgrowth proceeded in the direction of the grooves, rather than perpendicular to the grooves. The addition of each type of TGF-beta resulted in a reduction of outgrowth. However, outgrowth remained directed by the grooves. Further, the explants had shrunk after TGF treatment. Histology showed that this shrinkage was not related to alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in the explants. We conclude that microgrooves can direct, and TGF-betas can inhibit the outgrowth of epithelial tissue. This finding could be useful in biomaterial applications where the growth of epithelial tissue needs to be discouraged.