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Microbial production of vitamin B12
J H Martens1, H Barg, M J Warren
1Institute for Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|April 6, 2002
Summary
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a vital nutrient with a complex structure and chemistry. Its biosynthesis occurs in prokaryotes, and this review covers its history, function, synthesis, and biotechnological production improvements.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Microbiology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a crucial nutrient with a complex structure and unique chemistry.
- Its biosynthesis is exclusively found in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes.
- Essential for human health, it aids two key enzymes: methionine synthase and (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the scientific history and biological functions of vitamin B12.
- To describe the de novo synthesis pathways in bacteria.
- To outline current biotechnological strategies for enhancing vitamin B12 production.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of vitamin B12 research.
- Analysis of prokaryotic biosynthesis pathways.
- Overview of biotechnological advancements in production.
Main Results:
- Vitamin B12 discovery as the anti-pernicious anemia factor.
- Elucidation of its intricate biosynthesis in specific bacteria.
- Commercial production exceeding 10 tons annually via bacterial fermentation.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin B12 remains a molecule of significant scientific and medical interest.
- Understanding its biosynthesis is key to optimizing its production.
- Modern biotechnology offers promising avenues for improving commercial yields.