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[Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in children: three cases].

C Assicot1, E Bourrat, F Prigent

  • 1Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie
|April 9, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) in children presents with fever, nodules, and livedo reticularis. This rare condition typically has a benign prognosis with non-aggressive, long-term management and follow-up.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Dermatology
  • Vasculitis Research

Background:

  • Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotizing vasculitis affecting small to medium arteries.
  • Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) is a distinct entity characterized by recurrent episodes limited to skin, muscles, and joints, without visceral involvement.
  • cPAn is rare in pediatric populations.

Observation:

  • Three pediatric cases of cPAN are presented, with a mean age of 11 years.
  • Clinical manifestations included painful subcutaneous nodules, arthralgia, fever, livedo reticularis, and pharyngeal infection.
  • Diagnosis was supported by skin biopsy, revealing an inflammatory syndrome.

Findings:

  • The disease course was marked by relapsing-remitting episodes.

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  • Treatment with salicylates, colchicine, dapsone, or penicillin effectively controlled symptoms.
  • Corticosteroids were reserved for debilitating symptoms, and no systemic involvement was observed during follow-up (2-6 years).

    • Implications:

    • Early suspicion of cPAN in children presenting with fever, subcutaneous nodules, livedo reticularis, and arthralgia is crucial.
    • The generally benign prognosis supports conservative management strategies.
    • Long-term follow-up is recommended due to the condition's relapsing nature.