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Related Experiment Videos

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH).

Hiroyuki Arai1, Hiroyuki Koizumi, Junken Aoki

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo-Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. harai@mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Journal of Biochemistry
|May 2, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) deactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF), a key lipid messenger. This review details the structures and functions of intracellular PAF-AH types I and II.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid messenger crucial for physiological events.
  • PAF's biological activity depends on its acetyl group; deacetylation by PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) leads to loss of activity.
  • Mammals possess at least three PAF-AH types: intracellular (Type I and II) and plasma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structures and biological functions of intracellular PAF-AHs.
  • To explore the roles of PAF-AH in cellular processes, particularly microtubule organization.
  • To discuss the potential involvement of PAF-AH in scavenging oxidized phospholipids.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical and enzymological evaluations were used to characterize PAF-AH types.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of LIS1 gene product (beta subunit) in Type I PAF-AH function.
  • Investigation of N-myristoylation and subcellular localization of Type II PAF-AH.

    • Main Results:

    • Type I PAF-AH is a complex with catalytic (alpha1, alpha2) and regulatory (beta) subunits; the beta subunit (LIS1 gene product) is vital for nuclear movement and microtubule organization.
    • Type II PAF-AH is a single, N-myristoylated polypeptide found in cytosol and membranes, homologous to plasma PAF-AH.
    • Plasma PAF-AH is associated with lipoproteins and may act as a scavenger of oxidized phospholipids.

    Conclusions:

    • Intracellular PAF-AHs, particularly Type I, are implicated in microtubule-dependent cellular functions.
    • The precise role of PAF as an endogenous substrate for these enzymes remains under investigation.
    • Type II and plasma PAF-AHs may protect against pathological processes involving oxidized phospholipids and membrane disorganization.