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Avalanche behavior in yield stress fluids.

Philippe Coussot1, Q D Nguyen, H T Huynh

  • 1Laboratoire des Matériaux et des Structures du Génie Civil, 2 Allée Kepler, 77420 Champs sur Marne, France.

Physical Review Letters
|May 15, 2002
PubMed
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Yield stress fluids and soft glassy materials exhibit abrupt flow and acceleration above a critical stress, similar to granular avalanches. This rheological shift involves a discontinuous viscosity jump, explained by a proposed physical model.

Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Rheology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Yield stress fluids, such as gels and clay suspensions, and soft glassy materials, like colloidal glasses, exhibit complex flow behaviors.
  • Understanding the transition from solid-like to liquid-like states in these materials is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the abrupt flow transition and subsequent acceleration in yield stress fluids and soft glassy materials.
  • To characterize the rheological bifurcation associated with this transition.
  • To propose a physical model explaining the observed phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Rheometrical tests were conducted on typical yield stress fluids and soft glassy materials.
  • Stress-dependent flow behavior and viscosity evolution over time were analyzed.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experimental observations were compared with predictions from a proposed physical model.

    • Main Results:

    • Above a critical stress, these materials initiate abrupt flow and accelerate, displaying avalanche behavior analogous to granular materials.
    • A rheological bifurcation was identified: viscosity increases over time at low stresses (leading to flow cessation), while it decreases continuously at higher stresses (leading to acceleration).
    • A discontinuous jump in viscosity to infinity at the critical stress was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Yield stress fluids and soft glassy materials share similar flow dynamics, including stress-induced avalanches.
    • The observed rheological bifurcation and viscosity jump are key characteristics of the transition to flow in these soft materials.
    • A simple physical model effectively reproduces the critical stress-induced flow and acceleration phenomena.