Non-specific markers of neurodevelopmental disorder/delay in selective mutism--a case-control study

Area of Science:

• Child Psychology
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

• Selective mutism (SM) in children is often linked to language disorders, suggesting underlying neurobiological influences.
• Motor coordination problems, perinatal issues, and minor physical anomalies are potential markers of neurodevelopmental delay.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate neurodevelopmental markers in children with selective mutism.
• To compare children with SM, with and without communication disorders, to matched controls.

Main Methods:

• Parent-reported motor developmental delay.
• Pre- and perinatal "reduced optimality score" assessment.
• Motor performance testing and evaluation of minor physical anomalies.

Main Results:

• Children with SM reported more motor developmental delays and had higher "reduced optimality scores" than controls.
• SM group exhibited lower motor performance and a higher frequency of minor physical anomalies.
• No significant differences were found between SM subgroups with and without communication disorders regarding these markers.

Conclusions:

• Neurobiological factors likely play a role in the development of selective mutism.
• Clinical assessment for SM should include detailed motor development history and current motor skills evaluation.
• Addressing the interplay between social anxiety and motor difficulties is crucial for effective intervention.