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[How poliomyelitis is to be eradicated completely]
1Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia.
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
|June 5, 2002
Summary
Global polio eradication faces challenges after mass oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation. Live enterovirus vaccines are proposed to eliminate residual vaccine poliovirus strains and achieve worldwide polio eradication.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Context:
- The global initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis, launched by the World Health Assembly in 1988 with a target of 2000, continues to face challenges.
- A significant hurdle is the cessation of mass immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and the potential for residual vaccine poliovirus to circulate.
- The growing population of non-immune individuals poses a risk for continued poliovirus transmission.
Purpose:
- To propose a novel strategy for the complete eradication of poliomyelitis.
- To address the challenge of eliminating residual vaccine poliovirus strains after the cessation of OPV mass immunization.
- To prevent the circulation of vaccine-derived polioviruses in non-immune populations.
Summary:
- The study proposes the use of live enterovirus vaccines derived from nonpathogenic ECHO virus serotypes.
- These vaccines are designed to interrupt the circulation of vaccine polioviruses.
- This approach aims to eliminate remaining vaccine viruses and complete global poliomyelitis eradication efforts.
Impact:
- Successful implementation could lead to the definitive eradication of poliomyelitis worldwide.
- This strategy offers a potential solution to the complex problem of phasing out OPV while ensuring no poliovirus circulation.
- It represents a critical step towards achieving a polio-free world by addressing the persistence of vaccine strains.