Immunomodulatory and cytoprotective function of atrial natriuretic peptide

The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was described as a peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by heart atria. It plays an important role in the regulation of volume homeostasis; however, the functions of ANP are not restricted to cardiovascular effects. The biological profile of ANP is much broader than originally thought. This article focuses on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions of ANP addressing; for example, the influence of ANP on macrophage functions. Another important aspect of ANP reviewed here is its cytoprotective potential. The beneficial effect of ANP in preventing cell damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion warrants special attention. The therapeutic potential of ANP in organ preservation could be important for transplantation medicine.