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Surface analysis of anodic oxide films containing phosphorus on titanium
Xiaolong Zhu1, Kyohan Kim, Joo L Ong
1Institute of Biomaterials Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
Summary
This study investigated phosphoric acid's effect on titanium's anodic oxide film. Results show electrolyte concentration and voltage influence oxide thickness, composition, and crystallinity, with increased phosphorus incorporation.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Surface Engineering
Background:
- Titanium's excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance make it ideal for implants.
- Anodic oxidation is a key surface modification technique for titanium.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of phosphoric acid concentration on titanium's anodic oxide film properties.
- To understand how anodizing parameters affect the film's structure and composition.
Main Methods:
- Commercially pure grade 2 titanium specimens were anodized in phosphoric acid.
- Characterization included scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.
Main Results:
- The anodic oxide film exhibited a dual-layer structure (porous/dense).
- The film comprised anatase and amorphous titanium oxide with incorporated phosphorus.
- Oxide crystallinity increased with voltage but decreased with electrolyte concentration.
Conclusions:
- Electrolyte concentration and voltage are critical parameters for controlling anodic oxide film thickness, composition, and crystallinity.
- Phosphorus incorporation increases with higher electrolyte concentrations and voltages.