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Dairy herd management practices that impact nitrogen utilization efficiency.

J S Jonker1, R A Kohn, J High

  • 1Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.

Journal of Dairy Science
|June 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Improving dairy cow feed nitrogen (N) utilization is key to reducing farm nutrient losses. Strategies like milk testing and bST increased N efficiency, while overfeeding N and using complete feeds decreased it.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Management

Background:

  • Reducing nutrient losses from dairy farms is crucial for environmental protection.
  • Efficient feed nitrogen (N) utilization by dairy cattle is a primary method to minimize these losses.
  • Dairy farms in the Chesapeake Bay Drainage Basin face specific environmental challenges related to nutrient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of various management strategies on feed N utilization efficiency in dairy farms.
  • To assess how current feeding practices compare to recommended N levels.
  • To identify specific management techniques that enhance or hinder N utilization in lactating dairy cows.

Main Methods:

  • A confidential mail survey was conducted with 454 dairy farmers in the Chesapeake Bay region.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Nitrogen intake, excretion (urinary and fecal N), and N utilization efficiency were estimated using survey data and milk analysis.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to correlate management practices with N utilization efficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • Average feed N utilization efficiency for milk production was 28.4%.
    • Farmers, on average, fed 6.6% more N than recommended, leading to increased urinary and fecal N.
    • Monthly milk testing, bovine somatotropin (bST), and extended photoperiod increased N efficiency by 4.2-6.9%; complete feeds decreased it by 5.6%.

    Conclusions:

    • Feeding protein closer to recommendations and increasing milk production per cow are effective strategies to improve N utilization efficiency.
    • Specific management practices, such as advanced milk testing and photoperiod extension, can significantly enhance feed N utilization.
    • Overfeeding nitrogen and using complete feeds negatively impact nitrogen utilization efficiency in dairy cows.