[Reducing approach-associated morbidity in fracture dislocation of the femoral head--a longitudinal study (1982-2000)]

Fractures of the femoral head occur during displacement injuries of the hip joint (Pipkin-type fractures). Reasons are high-energy traumas, usually dash-board injuries. Typical complications are posttraumatic necrosis of the femoral head (prevalence according to the literature: 15-66 %), and arthritis of the hip joint. It is yet uncertain, however, whether the type of surgical approach can influence the rate of necrosis. From June 1982 to December 2000, a total of 30 patients underwent surgery for Pipkin-type fractures, with 28 of them being posterior displacements, and 2 being anterior ones. Average age was 35.8 years, 2/3 were male, and 1/3 female. Total hip prosthesis was implanted primarily in 4 cases. 26 underwent osteosynthesis. Anterior displacements were stabilized via a lateral approach, whereas posterior ones were managed via a posterior approach. Reason for this procedure was the intention to use the one side of the joint-capsule for approach, that had been torn already by the displacement-injury. 21 of 26 operatively stabilized patients were followed-up between 6 and 54 months postoperatively. With this regimen of treatment, we had to face no case of necrosis of the femoral head. For fracture displacement of the femoral head we therefore suggest a posterior approach in posterior displacement, as well as an anterior approach for anterior displacement. Using this principle, rate of necrosis of the femoral head may clearly diminish (in our series 0 out of 21).