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Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Plants

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...

Bioreactor Controls-III

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

Upstream Processing

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Cultivation of Mammalian Cells Using a Single-use Pneumatic Bioreactor System

Cultivation of Mammalian Cells Using a Single-use Pneumatic Bioreactor System

Published on: October 10, 2014

[Transgenic animals bioreactors].

Ke-Mian Gou¹, Xiao-Rong An, Jian-Hui Tian

¹National Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. goukm@mail.cau.edu.cn

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

|August 1, 2002

Summary

Transgenic farm animals efficiently produce valuable human proteins in milk. Nuclear transfer and site-specific DNA recombination enhance production efficiency and speed, revolutionizing biopharmaceutical development.

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Cultivation of Mammalian Cells Using a Single-use Pneumatic Bioreactor System

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Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Context:

Transgenic farm animals offer a cost-effective method for producing complex human recombinant proteins.
Traditional production methods face limitations in efficiency and quantity for certain proteins.

Purpose:

To review current advancements in using transgenic animals as bioreactors for protein production.
To highlight novel strategies like nuclear transfer and site-specific recombination.

Summary:

This review covers gene selection, vector design, transgenic techniques, economic factors, and the potential of transgenic animals.
Recent breakthroughs include nuclear transfer for improved efficiency, consistency, and faster development.
Cre/loxP site-specific recombination systems offer new possibilities for generating advanced transgenic animals.

Impact:

Accelerates the development of biopharmaceuticals and valuable commercial proteins.
Enhances the efficiency and consistency of producing therapeutic proteins.
Paves the way for novel applications in biotechnology and medicine through advanced genetic engineering.