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New perspectives on hepatitis E.

Kenneth C Hyams1

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Public Health and Environmental Hazards, 810 Vermont Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA. hyamsk@mail.va.gov

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|August 1, 2002
PubMed
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was identified in 1983, revolutionizing infectious disease research. This discovery led to understanding HEV epidemiology, developing tests, and creating a vaccine.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis agent identified in 1983.
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) cloned and sequenced by 1990.
  • HEV is endemic in Asia, Middle East, and Africa, spread via fecal contamination of water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the identification and characterization of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV).
  • To outline the advancements in understanding HEV epidemiology, transmission, and potential zoonotic reservoirs.
  • To highlight the impact of genetic technology on infectious disease research, using HEV as a case study.

Main Methods:

  • Human challenge experiments for initial identification.
  • Molecular cloning and genome sequencing of HEV.

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  • Epidemiological studies and development of serologic tests.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of HEV as the cause of epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis.
    • Established fecal-oral transmission route and endemic regions.
    • Indicated potential zoonotic transmission from pigs and rats.
    • Development of diagnostic tests and a candidate vaccine in Phase III trials.

    Conclusions:

    • Modern genetic technology has rapidly advanced HEV research within two decades.
    • HEV characterization demonstrates a paradigm shift in infectious disease investigation.
    • Ongoing research includes vaccine development and understanding zoonotic potential.