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Acid-induced cloud point extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental solid
Francisco Merino1, Soledad Rubio, Dolores Pérez-Bendito
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071-Córdoba, Spain.
Journal of Chromatography. A
|August 30, 2002
Summary
Acid-induced cloud point extraction (ACPE) effectively extracts polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from environmental samples. This optimized method offers high recovery and low uncertainty, simplifying PAH analysis.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants requiring efficient extraction methods.
- Traditional methods like Soxhlet extraction are time-consuming and solvent-intensive.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of acid-induced cloud point extraction (ACPE) for PAH extraction from environmental matrices.
- To optimize ACPE parameters for enhanced recovery and preconcentration of PAHs.
Main Methods:
- Optimization of ACPE variables including temperature, surfactant concentration, and stirring time.
- Application of optimized conditions (2% sodium dodecanesulphonate, 4.2 M HCl, 60°C) to soil, sediment, and sludge samples.
- Comparison of ACPE results with certified values from Soxhlet extractions.
Main Results:
- High recoveries (71-98%) for PAHs with four to five aromatic rings were achieved.
- ACPE demonstrated comparable or lower uncertainties than certified values.
- The method yielded small extract volumes (1-2 ml) without additional clean-up steps.
Conclusions:
- ACPE is a highly efficient and effective technique for extracting PAHs from diverse environmental samples.
- The optimized ACPE method offers a simplified, preconcentration-capable alternative to conventional extraction techniques.