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Human performance: a role for the ACE genotype?

Alun Jones1, Hugh E Montgomery, David R Woods

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK.

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
|October 26, 2002
PubMed
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The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I allele aids endurance, while the D allele boosts strength. Elite athletes often carry the I allele for better muscle efficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Sports Science
  • Human Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene influences physiological traits.
  • Specific alleles of the ACE gene are linked to athletic performance.
  • Understanding these genetic associations can inform training and talent identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ACE gene alleles and athletic performance.
  • To explore the physiological mechanisms linking ACE genotype to endurance and strength.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of the ACE gene (I/D polymorphism).
  • Assessment of ACE activity levels.
  • Analysis of performance metrics in elite athletes (endurance vs. power).

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Main Results:

  • The ACE I allele is associated with lower ACE activity and superior endurance performance, prevalent in elite distance runners, rowers, and mountaineers.
  • The ACE D allele is linked to higher ACE activity and enhanced training-related strength gains, favoring elite power athletes.
  • Angiotensin II levels may mediate the effects of the D allele on muscle growth and power.

Conclusions:

  • The ACE gene I/D polymorphism significantly influences athletic phenotypes.
  • The I allele may enhance muscle efficiency for endurance activities.
  • The D allele appears to promote strength and power development through increased ACE activity.