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Membrane microviscosity regulates endothelial cell motility.

Prabar K Ghosh1, Amit Vasanji, Gurunathan Murugesan

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Nature Cell Biology
|October 29, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Plasma membrane microviscosity regulates endothelial cell movement. Moderate increases enhance migration, while excessive increases inhibit it, impacting blood vessel repair.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Endothelial cell (EC) migration is crucial for blood vessel formation and repair.
  • The role of plasma membrane (PM) microviscosity in regulating EC movement is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that PM microviscosity is a key regulator of EC movement.
  • To explore the effects of membrane-active agents and angiogenic growth factors on PM microviscosity and EC migration.

Main Methods:

  • Aortic ECs were treated with membrane-active agents (alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, lysophospholipids) and angiogenic growth factors (bFGF, VEGF).
  • Membrane microviscosity was measured using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).
  • The localization of Rac protein to the PM was assessed.

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Main Results:

  • ECs showed a biphasic response to altered membrane microviscosity: moderate increases enhanced migration, while excessive increases inhibited it.
  • Angiogenic growth factors (bFGF, VEGF) increased PM microviscosity.
  • Changes in PM microviscosity affected the localization of Rac to the PM.

Conclusions:

  • PM microviscosity is a critical regulator of endothelial cell motility.
  • Angiogenic growth factors and lipophilic molecules modulate cell motility by altering membrane properties.
  • These alterations impact the relocalization of signaling molecules, influencing cell movement during neovascularization and repair.