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Psychosis proneness and ADHD in young relatives of schizophrenia patients
Matcheri S Keshavan1, Mandayam Sujata, Akhil Mehra
1Department of Psychiatry, UPMC Health System-Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Room 984, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. keshavan@msx.upmc.edu
Abstract:
Symptoms resembling the attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently observed in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia (HR). We examined the frequency of the ADHD syndrome and its relationship to psychosis related psychopathology and neurobehavioral abnormalities in young HR subjects (n=29) and healthy comparison subjects (HC; n=30). Thirty-one percent of HR subjects (n=9) had ADHD as a lifetime Axis-I diagnosis (HR-A). Compared to healthy comparison subjects, the HR-A group had impaired neurological function. The HR-A group but not the HR subjects without ADHD had higher scores on the Chapman's magical ideation and perceptual aberration scales. Thus, ADHD-like features are more prevalent in the HR population than the one described in the general population and are associated with more frequent psychosis-like clinical features. Longitudinal studies can clarify whether an "ADHD subgroup" within HR subjects predict an increased risk for future emergence of schizophrenia.