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Cultural pathways through universal development.

Patricia M Greenfield1, Heidi Keller, Andrew Fuligni

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. greenfield@psych.ucla.edu

Annual Review of Psychology
|November 5, 2002
PubMed
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Human development involves universal tasks like forming relationships and acquiring knowledge. This review highlights two cultural pathways—independence and interdependence—for navigating these developmental challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cultural Psychology
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Core theories in developmental psychology often assume a universalistic perspective.
  • These theories frequently presuppose an independent pathway of development, overlooking alternative cultural models.
  • Understanding human development requires acknowledging diverse cultural influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review universal tasks of human development: relationship formation, knowledge acquisition, and autonomy-relatedness balance.
  • To present evidence for two distinct cultural pathways: independence and interdependence.
  • To integrate ecocultural, sociohistorical, and cultural values approaches for a comprehensive understanding of cultural influences on development.

Main Methods:

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  • Empirical documentation of the interdependent pathway of development.
  • Review of evidence linking cultural values, ecological conditions, and socialization practices to developmental pathways.
  • Analysis of three theoretical approaches: ecocultural, sociohistorical, and cultural values.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supports the existence of both independent and interdependent pathways in human development.
    • The interdependent pathway is empirically documented across universal developmental tasks.
    • Values, ecological factors, and socialization practices are linked to cultural pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Human development is shaped by distinct cultural pathways, notably independence and interdependence.
    • A comprehensive understanding necessitates integrating ecocultural, sociohistorical, and cultural values perspectives.
    • Future research should consider these diverse pathways and theoretical frameworks.