Osteoporosis in elderly: prevention and treatment

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Orthopedics
• Public Health

Background:

• Osteoporosis is a significant health issue in aging populations, increasing fracture risk.
• Osteoporotic fractures lead to substantial healthcare costs, disability, reduced quality of life, and mortality.
• The rising incidence of fractures with age highlights the public health importance of osteoporosis management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnosis, risk factors, and management strategies for osteoporosis.
• To emphasize the role of bone mineral density (BMD) in clinical decision-making.
• To discuss various therapeutic options, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic treatments.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment.
• Analysis of risk factors, including age, bone fragility, and modifiable factors.
• Evaluation of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.

Main Results:

• Bone mineral density (BMD) is crucial for identifying fracture risk and guiding therapy.
• Modifiable risk factors, exercise, calcium, and vitamin D are important adjuncts to pharmacologic treatment.
• Pharmacologic options include bisphosphonates, HRT, SERMs, calcitonin, and PTH; some are approved for men.

Conclusions:

• Osteoporosis management requires a comprehensive approach combining diagnosis, risk factor modification, and pharmacologic therapy.
• Lifestyle interventions and fall prevention are vital components of osteoporosis care.
• Ongoing research and evaluation of treatments, including for men, are essential.