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Xhex-expressing endodermal tissues are essential for anterior patterning in Xenopus.

Lucy E Smithers¹, C Michael Jones

¹Section of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.

Mechanisms of Development

|December 5, 2002

Summary

Two regions of early Xenopus embryo endoderm expressing Hex are crucial for organizing the anterior. Inhibition of Hex function reveals their necessity for anterior development, impacting the neural ectoderm and axis formation.

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Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Embryology
Molecular biology

Background:

Two Hex-expressing regions in the early gastrula organize the vertebrate embryo anterior.
In Xenopus, these include anterior yolky endoderm and suprablastoporal endoderm (SBE), fated for gut lining.
These may correspond to amniote anterior visceral and definitive endoderm.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of Hex-expressing endodermal tissues in Xenopus anterior development.
To determine if these tissues possess anterior inducing properties.
To elucidate the function of SBE in organizing the anterior-posterior axis.

Main Methods:

Analysis of Hex expression patterns in early Xenopus gastrula.
Functional inhibition of Xhex gene function.

Related Experiment Videos

Assessment of anterior-posterior axis organization and neural ectoderm induction.

Main Results:

Identified anterior yolky endoderm and SBE as key Hex-expressing regions.
Demonstrated anterior inducing properties of both anterior endoderm and SBE.
Showed SBE's capacity to organize a complete anterior-posterior axis.
Confirmed requirement of both Hex-expressing endodermal tissues for anterior development upon Xhex inhibition.

Conclusions:

Hex-expressing anterior endoderm and SBE are essential for organizing the anterior vertebrate embryo.
These endodermal tissues play critical roles in inducing anterior identity in adjacent neural ectoderm.
The SBE is a key organizer of the anterior-posterior axis in Xenopus development.