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Peripheral mechanisms affecting the lower esophageal sphincter tone
1MCW Dysphagia Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|December 20, 2002
Summary
Investigating the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) reveals that reflexes from the aerodigestive tract significantly influence its tone. This research highlights a complex interplay between the upper gut and airway reflexes.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Neurogastroenterology
- Physiology
Background:
- Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone is regulated by both central and peripheral neural mechanisms.
- Peripheral control involves inhibitory reflexes originating from various upper digestive and respiratory tract organs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically investigate LES relaxations triggered by stimulation of the aerodigestive tract.
- To document the intricate reflex relationship between the upper gastrointestinal tract and the aerodigestive tract.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on LES physiology and reflex control.
- Analysis of studies focusing on aerodigestive tract stimulation and its effect on LES.
- Documentation of identified reflex pathways.
Main Results:
- LES tone is modulated by peripheral reflexes from the stomach, esophagus, pharynx, and larynx.
- While gastric distention-induced LES relaxation is well-studied, reflexes from aerodigestive tract stimulation are a recent focus.
- Systematic investigation has confirmed complex reflex interactions.
Conclusions:
- The aerodigestive tract plays a significant role in regulating LES function through reflex mechanisms.
- Understanding these reflexes is crucial for comprehending gastroesophageal reflux and related disorders.
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