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Masters change, slaves remain.

Patricia Graham1, Jill K M Penn, Paul Schedl

  • 1Dept. Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544-1041, USA. pgraham@molbio.princeton.edu

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|January 1, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Sex determination in flies reveals evolving genetic hierarchies. While downstream gene regulation is conserved, upstream control mechanisms, like Sex lethal (Sxl) gene regulation, differ between species.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Genetics

Background:

  • Sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster is governed by the Sex lethal (Sxl) gene, which controls downstream genes like transformer (tra) and doublesex (dsx) through alternative splicing.
  • Sxl autoregulation creates a feedback loop essential for female-specific gene expression, a key mechanism in Drosophila sex determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conservation and divergence of sex determination genetic hierarchies in dipteran species.
  • To compare the regulatory mechanisms of Sex lethal (Sxl) and transformer (tra) genes in Ceratitis capitata with those in Drosophila melanogaster.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene regulation in sex determination pathways.
  • Focus on alternative splicing mechanisms in downstream genes.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Downstream regulatory steps in sex determination are conserved in Ceratitis capitata, similar to Drosophila melanogaster.
  • The upstream regulation by Sex lethal (Sxl) differs, as Ceratitis capitata transformer (tra) is not regulated by CcSxl but appears to autoregulate.

Conclusions:

  • Sex determination hierarchies evolve rapidly, with upstream regulatory elements showing less conservation than downstream elements.
  • Autoregulation is a conserved mechanism in transformer gene regulation across different dipteran species, despite variations in upstream control.