Axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis.

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Thrombosis Research
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis (ASVT) presents as primary (linked to upper extremity use and anatomical issues) or secondary (due to risk factors).
• Both types carry pulmonary embolism risk, but long-term outcomes differ significantly based on the cause.
• Primary ASVT affects younger, healthier individuals, often leading to chronic symptoms, while secondary ASVT occurs in older patients with comorbidities and higher mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To differentiate the clinical characteristics and prognoses of primary versus secondary axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment strategies for primary and secondary ASVT.
• To identify optimal management approaches for preventing late-term complications in ASVT patients.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of patient cohorts with primary and secondary ASVT.
• Comparison of demographic data, clinical presentations, and treatment modalities.
• Assessment of short-term and long-term outcomes, including symptom recurrence and pulmonary embolism.

Main Results:

• Primary ASVT is associated with young, healthy patients, with up to 80% experiencing chronic symptoms.
• Secondary ASVT typically affects older patients with medical comorbidities, characterized by high mortality and fewer late manifestations.
• Treatment approaches vary, with anticoagulation suitable for secondary ASVT, while primary ASVT may benefit from a multidisciplinary strategy.

Conclusions:

• The etiology of ASVT significantly influences patient demographics, clinical course, and long-term prognosis.
• A multidisciplinary approach, including interventions like thrombolysis and decompression, is crucial for managing primary ASVT and preventing chronic symptoms.
• Anticoagulation remains appropriate for secondary ASVT, but vigilance for comorbidities and mortality is essential.