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Granular avalanches in fluids.

Sylvain Courrech Du Pont1, Philippe Gondret, Bernard Perrin

  • 1Laboratoire Fluides, Automatique, Systèmes Thermiques, Bâtiment 502, Campus Universitaire, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.

Physical Review Letters
|February 7, 2003
PubMed
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Granular avalanches in fluids exhibit three distinct regimes based on grain inertia, fluid viscosity, and density ratios. These regimes, ranging from dry gas to viscous liquids, are characterized by avalanche amplitude and duration, explained by single grain motion analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Granular physics
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Granular avalanches are complex phenomena influenced by particle inertia and fluid interactions.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting granular flow behavior in various media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize distinct regimes of granular avalanches in fluids.
  • To elucidate the influence of Stokes number (St) and density ratio (r) on avalanche dynamics.
  • To provide a theoretical framework based on single grain motion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of granular avalanche dynamics in different fluid environments (gas and liquid).
  • Systematic variation of Stokes number (St) and grain/fluid density ratio (r).
  • Theoretical modeling based on the elementary motion of a single grain.

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Main Results:

  • Three distinct avalanche regimes were identified: dry (gas, r>>1, St>1), inertial (liquid, r~1, higher St), and viscous (liquid, r~1, lower St).
  • In gas, avalanche amplitude and duration are independent of fluid effects.
  • In liquids, decreasing St leads to reduced amplitude and increased duration, transitioning from inertial to viscous behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully categorizes granular avalanche behavior into three regimes based on key dimensionless parameters.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of the Stokes number and density ratio in governing avalanche dynamics.
  • The single grain motion analysis provides a fundamental explanation for the observed macroscopic behaviors.