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Development of Electron Probe Instrumentation during Those Early Days When Professor Castaing Visited Japan.
1Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Summary
The development of electron probe microanalyzers (EPMA) in Japan began in the 1950s, with key research and a pivotal visit accelerating commercialization in the early 1960s. This led to the first EPMA instruments being installed in Japanese universities.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Analytical Chemistry
- Scientific Instrumentation
Background:
- The electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was introduced to Japan through a review article in 1955.
- Initial development efforts for EPMA in Japan commenced at the University of Tokyo in 1957, supported by research grants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the historical development of EPMA in Japan during the early 1960s.
- To highlight the impact of Professor R. Castaing's visit on the commercialization of EPMA in Japan.
- To document the early cooperative research projects and the introduction of the first commercial EPMA instruments.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of scientific publications and research grants.
- Chronological account of EPMA development and commercialization milestones.
- Documentation of key figures and institutions involved in early EPMA research in Japan.
Main Results:
- A cooperative research project on EPMA was funded from 1960 to 1963, chaired by Professors Y. Sakaki and later G. Shinoda.
- Professor R. Castaing's 1960 visit significantly boosted the commercial development of EPMA in Japan.
- The first three commercial EPMA instruments were installed in Japanese universities between 1962 and 1964.
Conclusions:
- The collaborative research efforts and international exchange were crucial for the advancement and commercialization of EPMA technology in Japan.
- The early adoption of EPMA by Japanese universities laid the groundwork for future advancements in materials analysis.