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Persistent acute inflammation at the implant-abutment interface.

N Broggini1, L M McManus, J S Hermann

  • 1Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|February 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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The implant-abutment microgap triggers inflammation and bone loss in two-piece implants. One-piece implants, lacking this interface, show reduced inflammation and minimal bone loss, suggesting improved peri-implant tissue health.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • The inflammatory response surrounding dental implants is critical for peri-implant tissue health but remains incompletely understood.
  • The presence and timing of the implant-abutment interface (microgap) may significantly influence this inflammatory process and subsequent bone levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To histomorphometrically evaluate the timing of abutment connection in two-piece implants.
  • To assess the influence of the implant-abutment microgap on peri-implant inflammation and bone levels.
  • To compare the inflammatory response and bone remodeling between one-piece and two-piece implant designs.

Main Methods:

  • Three implant designs (two-piece non-submerged, two-piece submerged, one-piece) were placed in canine mandibles.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Abutments for two-piece implants were connected either at initial surgery or three months post-surgery.
  • Interstitial tissues adjacent to implants were analyzed for inflammatory cell infiltration and bone levels.

    • Main Results:

    • A distinct peak of inflammatory cells, primarily neutrophils, was observed approximately 0.50 mm coronal to the microgap in two-piece implants.
    • One-piece implants, lacking an implant-abutment microgap at the bone crest, did not exhibit this inflammatory cell peak.
    • Significantly greater bone loss was associated with both two-piece implant designs compared to the one-piece design.

    Conclusions:

    • The absence of an implant-abutment microgap at the bone crest is linked to reduced peri-implant inflammatory cell accumulation.
    • Two-piece implants with a microgap at the bone crest demonstrated increased inflammatory response and bone loss.
    • One-piece implant designs may offer an advantage in minimizing peri-implant inflammation and preserving bone levels.