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Gastrointestinal Infections Caused by Cytomegalovirus.

David A. Bobak1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5083, USA. dab39@po.cwru.edu

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|March 19, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes various syndromes, particularly gastrointestinal infections like esophagitis and colitis. Recent findings highlight serious CMV disease in immunocompetent individuals, emphasizing diagnosis and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant human pathogen causing diverse clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infections to severe end-organ disease.
  • Gastrointestinal CMV infections, including esophagitis and colitis, are common, as is CMV hepatitis. Tissue-invasive disease predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV, transplant recipients, or on immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Emerging evidence points to serious CMV-mediated disease occurring in immunocompetent hosts, an aspect previously underappreciated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections affecting the gastrointestinal tract.
  • To discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and management of CMV gastrointestinal disease.
  • To highlight the role of CMV in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patient populations.

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Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent reports on CMV gastrointestinal infections.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches for CMV disease.
  • Evaluation of current treatment and management strategies for CMV infections.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal tract infections are a frequent manifestation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease.
  • While immunocompromised individuals are at highest risk, serious CMV disease is increasingly recognized in immunocompetent patients.
  • Effective diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes in CMV infections.

Conclusions:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) poses a significant threat, with gastrointestinal manifestations being particularly common.
  • The recognition of severe CMV disease in immunocompetent individuals necessitates a broader diagnostic approach.
  • Comprehensive review of diagnosis, treatment, and management is essential for addressing CMV infections effectively across diverse patient groups.