[Hyperemesis gravidarum: an updated review]

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a common entity characterized by severe and protracted vomiting during pregnancy not attributed to any organic or metabolic condition other than pregnancy itself. It may lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances as well as ketosis, and its diagnosis is made per exclusion. While the accurate etiology and pathophysiology of hyperemesis gravidarum remain largely unknown, numerous theories have been proposed in attempts to explain this peculiar phenomenon. The different therapeutic modalities aim to correct the hypovolemic state, electrolyte imbalance and ketosis. The present manuscript reviews the pertinent medical literature regarding this illness in order to refine our understanding of its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and therapeutic modalities.