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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence
Published on: December 15, 2010
Nine switch-affine neurons suffice for Turing universality
H T. Siegelmann1, M Margenstern
1Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Abstract:
In a previous work Pollack showed that a particular type of heterogeneous processor network is Turing universal. Siegelmann and Sontag (1991) showed the universality of homogeneous networks of first-order neurons having piecewise-linear activation functions. Their result was generalized by Kilian and Siegelmann (1996) to include various sigmoidal activation functions. Here we focus on a type of high-order neurons called switch-affine neurons, with piecewise-linear activation functions, and prove that nine such neurons suffice for simulating universal Turing machines.
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