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Related Experiment Videos

Environmental estrogens alter early development in Xenopus laevis.

Cassandra L Bevan1, Donna M Porter, Anita Prasad

  • 1Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.

Environmental Health Perspectives
|April 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Environmental estrogens like nonylphenol and methoxychlor disrupt early vertebrate development, causing deformities and affecting neural crest cell differentiation. Different estrogens use distinct mechanisms to impact cell fate.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental toxicology
  • Endocrinology
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Environmental toxicants in pesticides and solvents disrupt hormone-sensitive developmental processes.
  • Ubiquitous chemical contaminants pose risks to early vertebrate development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of common environmental estrogens and androgens on Xenopus laevis embryo development.
  • To examine the impact of these toxicants on neural crest-derived melanocyte differentiation.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which different environmental estrogens affect cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of Xenopus laevis embryos to nonylphenol, octylphenol, methoxychlor, p,p-DDE, 17 alpha-methyltestosterone, and 17 beta-estradiol.
  • Assessment of mortality, morphological deformations, apoptosis, and melanocyte differentiation at tailbud stages.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of Xslug expression and co-incubation with antiestrogen ICI 182,780.

    • Main Results:

    • Environmental estrogens increased mortality, induced deformities, and altered melanocyte deposition and differentiation.
    • Neural crest marker Xslug expression remained unaffected, suggesting later-stage differentiation disruption.
    • Nonylphenol's effects were blocked by an antiestrogen, but methoxychlor's were not, indicating varied mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute exposure to environmental estrogens causes deleterious effects on early vertebrate development.
    • Different environmental estrogens employ distinct mechanisms to disrupt cell fate, particularly melanocyte differentiation.
    • Neural crest-derived melanocyte differentiation is highly sensitive to these chemical contaminants.