[The national history space chronobiology]

Analyzed were theories stated in the treatises of Russian researchers V.I. Nikolsky, N.Ya. Perna and A.L. Chizhevsky dedicated to the place of the phenomenon of rhythm in biology and medicine. The authors underline the inceptive role of the fundamental ideas of these scientists in formation and development of space biorhythmology in this country. Presented are main postulates in the area of space biorhythmology formulated in the period of fulfillment of the Russian piloted space programmes.