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Comparison of cytotoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics using a panel cellular biotest system
V G Chernikov1, S M Terekhov, T B Krokhina
1Medical Genetic Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.
Abstract:
The cytotoxicity of four aminoglycoside antibiotics was studied by estimation of the dose-effect relationship using a panel cellular biotest system including cell cultures for test objects. The cultures represented 4 differentiation types: normal human fibroblasts and myoblasts, human or Syrian hamster hepatoma cells, and mouse/mouse hybridoma cells. It was found that three widely used antibiotics gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin exhibit similar, but not identical cytotoxicity parameters and differ distinctly from geneticin. Hence, the proposed panel biotest system helps to quantitatively evaluate and differentiate the effects of bioactive substances with similar chemical structure.
Insights
This study compared the cytotoxicity of four aminoglycoside antibiotics using a cellular biotest system. Gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin showed similar toxicity, distinct from geneticin, highlighting the biotest
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Aminoglycoside antibiotics are crucial for treating bacterial infections.
- Understanding their differential cytotoxicity is essential for safe clinical use.
- Existing methods may not fully capture subtle toxicological differences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively evaluate and differentiate the cytotoxicity of four aminoglycoside antibiotics.
- To assess the utility of a panel cellular biotest system for comparative toxicological studies.
- To compare the dose-effect relationships of gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, and geneticin.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a panel cellular biotest system with four distinct cell culture types.
- Included normal human fibroblasts and myoblasts, and hepatoma cells (human/Syrian hamster).
- Employed mouse/mouse hybridoma cells for comprehensive cellular response assessment.
Main Results:
- Identified similar, yet not identical, cytotoxicity parameters for gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin.
- Demonstrated distinct cytotoxicity profiles for geneticin compared to the other three antibiotics.
- Confirmed the panel biotest system's capability to quantitatively differentiate effects.
Conclusions:
- The panel cellular biotest system effectively distinguishes the cytotoxicity of structurally similar aminoglycosides.
- Gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin exhibit comparable toxicity profiles.
- Geneticin possesses a unique cytotoxicity profile, differentiating it from the other tested antibiotics.