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Genetics of complex psychiatric disorders: scientific foundations
Dieter B Wildenauer1, Joachim Hallmayer, Sibylle G Schwab
1Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Wilhelmstr. 31: D-53111 Bonn, Germany. wildenauer@uni-bonn.de
Summary
Genetic analysis and the Human Genome Project offer new ways to find DNA variations linked to mental disorders. This review covers methods for identifying genetic causes and potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Advances in genetic analysis and the Human Genome Sequencing Project enable molecular investigation of mental disorders.
- Family, twin, and adoption studies confirm genetic transmission, a prerequisite for genetic association studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review fundamental concepts and methods for genetic approaches to identifying DNA variations associated with mental disorders.
- To discuss implications for diagnosis, prevention, and novel therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Explanation of linkage analysis, including recombination, LOD score analysis, affected sib-pair analysis, and linkage disequilibrium.
- Description of genetic markers and maps used in genetic studies.
- Discussion of the association approach in the context of the Human Genome Project.
Main Results:
- The review details various genetic analysis techniques applicable to complex traits and Mendelian disorders.
- It highlights the importance of established genetic transmission evidence before initiating molecular studies.
Conclusions:
- Genetic analysis holds promise for understanding the DNA basis of mental disorders.
- Identified genetic variations could lead to improved diagnosis, prevention, and targeted therapies.