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Sex differences in rabbit masseter muscle function.

Arthur W English1, Charles G Widmer

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. art@cellbio.emory.edu

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|June 5, 2003
PubMed
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Male and female rabbits exhibit distinct masseter muscle fiber compositions. These differences influence motor unit properties, leading to greater force and faster contractions in males compared to females.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Muscle Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Sex-based differences in skeletal muscle composition are well-documented.
  • The rabbit masseter muscle, crucial for mastication, exhibits notable sex-dimorphic fiber type proportions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional implications of sex differences in rabbit masseter muscle fiber phenotypes.
  • To compare the contractile properties of masseter motor units between adult male and female rabbits.

Main Methods:

  • Intramuscular microstimulation was employed to assess masseter motor unit contractile properties in male and female rabbits.
  • Twitch forces, torques, and rise times were measured.
  • Cortically evoked rhythmic masticatory muscle activation was analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Male rabbits displayed significantly greater twitch forces and torques compared to females.
  • Motor units in males generated force and torque more rapidly than in females.
  • While overall torque ranges were similar, males had shorter mean rise times and greater mean peak torques during rhythmic activation.

Conclusions:

  • Sex differences in masseter muscle fiber phenotype proportions directly correlate with sex differences in motor unit contractile properties.
  • These variations impact the functional performance of the masticatory apparatus between male and female rabbits.