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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

Silent letters and phonological priming.

Chang H Lee¹, M T Turvey

¹Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Changjeon-Dong, Keumjeong-Ku, Pusan, 609-735, South Korea. chleehoan@pusan.ac.kr

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research

|July 9, 2003

Summary

Silent letters in English words create pronounceable nonwords. Experiments show that omitting silent letters aids word recognition but is less effective than using the full word as a prime.

Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Cognitive Psychology
Reading Science

Background:

Many English words contain silent letters, which can be omitted to form pronounceable nonwords.
Understanding how readers process these orthographic variations is crucial for reading models.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of silent letter omission on word processing during reading.
To compare the priming effects of nonwords with omitted silent letters versus full words.

Main Methods:

Two naming and two lexical decision experiments were conducted.
Participants were exposed to prime-target sequences with short prime durations (100 ms).
Primes included omitted silent letters (e.g., SALM for PSALM) and orthographic controls.

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Main Results:

Priming effects were stronger for nonwords with omitted silent letters (SALM-psalm) compared to orthographic controls (ASTA-pasta).
However, full words (PSALM, COLUMN) served as more effective primes than their nonword counterparts (SALM, COLUM).

Conclusions:

Phonological activation plays a significant role in processing words with silent letters.
Orthographic codes may filter phonologically activated representations, influencing reading efficiency.
Graphemes are fundamental units in the reading process, impacting how silent letters are handled.