Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2026

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens
09:08

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens

Published on: September 12, 2016

[Infectious diseases in Poland in 2001]

Andrzej Zieliński1, Mirosław P Czarkowski

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii Państwowego Zakładu Higieny ul. Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warszawa. azielinski@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|August 21, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Poland

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance

Context:

  • The 2001 infectious disease surveillance system in Poland remained unchanged.
  • Tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections were monitored separately.
  • Influenza was the most frequently reported disease, with a significant decrease from the previous year.

Purpose:

  • To report on the incidence of infectious diseases in Poland in 2001.
  • To highlight trends in specific diseases, including increases and decreases in incidence.
  • To analyze the contribution of infectious diseases to mortality.

Summary:

  • Influenza cases decreased by 63.9%, while foodborne infections, particularly Salmonella, remained significant.
  • Increases in viral hepatitis A, rubella, measles, pertussis, Lyme borreliosis, and tick-borne encephalitis were noted.
  • Viral hepatitis B incidence dropped to 6.2 per 100,000 due to prophylactic measures. Tuberculosis remained the leading cause of infectious disease mortality.

Impact:

  • Effective prophylactic measures have successfully reduced viral hepatitis B incidence to near European average.
  • Tuberculosis continues to be a major cause of death from infectious diseases, particularly affecting younger populations.
  • The surveillance data provides crucial insights for public health strategies and interventions in Poland.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses08:10

Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses

Published on: May 2, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Plague01:24

Plague

Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...